欧盟发布2018生物经济新战略
欧委会官网10月11日消息。当日，欧委会公布了可持续、可循环的生物经济发展新战略。所谓“生物经济”，是指一个经济体充分利用陆地与海洋的生物质资源以及废弃物来生产食品、原材料以及能源。发展生物经济是容克政府推动欧盟就业、增长和投资整体战略的一部分，旨在扩大和改善可再生资源的可持续利用率，协助应对气候变化等全球性和区域性挑战。
生物经济涵盖领域广泛，涉及依赖生物资源的所有部门和系统，包括农业、林业、渔业、食品产业、生物能源和生物产品等，产业规模约2万亿欧元，从业人数达1800万人。2012年，欧委会曾推出过生物经济发展战略，并为有关科研、示范、应用项目提供资金，包括从欧盟现有“地平线2020”专项基金中拨付了38.5亿欧元。按照规划，欧委会还拟拨付100亿欧元，用于2021年至2027年包括生物经济在内的食品与自然资源研究。
此次新的生物经济发展战略是2012年战略的更新升级，设定了三个关键目标，并将在2019年实施14项具体举措。目标与举措包括：
1、扩大和加强以生物为基础的行业
为了释放生物经济的潜力，使欧洲经济和工业现代化实现长期、可持续的繁荣，委员会将：建立1亿欧元的循环生物经济专题投资平台，使生物基产品科技创新更接近市场，降低私营部门投资可持续产业的风险；促进新的可持续生物精炼厂的发展。
2、加快部署生物经济
成员国和地区特别是中欧和东欧地区，生物质和生产潜力大大低估。为解决这个问题，释放中东欧地区生物质能和废物利用潜力，欧委会将：制定粮食和农业系统、林业和生物有关产品的战略性部署议程；在“地平线2020”计划中设立欧盟生物经济政策支持机制，以推动区域和成员国政策制定；在农村、沿海和城市地区开展生物经济发展试点。
3、保护生态系统，提升环保意识
地球生态系统面临着严峻的威胁和挑战，例如人口增长，气候变化和土地退化。为了应对这些挑战，委员会将：实施欧盟范围内的监测评估体系，追踪可持续和循环生物经济发展的进展；利用生物经济知识中心等平台收集、获取数据和信息，增强民众的认知与了解；在生态安全限度内为生物经济体系运行提供指导和范例。
根据：中华人民共和国驻欧盟使团经商参处,“欧委会提出新的生物经济发展战略”（2018-10-22）；中国新能源网、中国银河证券,“欧盟委员会更新欧洲可持续发展的生物经济战略”（2018-10-15）；德国生物经济理事会网站等报道整理。题目为生物经济发展中心编辑所加。
主要出处：商务部网站，http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/m/201810/20181002798095.shtml
附英文报道：
18.10.2018 –The European Commission has renewed the bioeconomy strategy and adopted a comprehensive action plan. 14 packages of measures aim to accelerate the transition to a sustainable and circular bioeconomy in Europe.
On 11 October 2018, Jyrki Katainen, EU Vice President for Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness, and Carlos Moedas, EU Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation, presented the new action plan for the bioeconomy. The bioeconomy strategy of 2012 was renewed in the course of a comprehensive review and public consultation.
The Bioeconomy Council welcomed the development and pointed out that the bioeconomy will now be defined at European level in a timely and more comprehensive manner. In addition to the importance of renewable resources, the strategy highlights the innovation potential of the life sciences and technologies. The new strategy’s overall objective is the bioeconomy’s contribution to climate protection and sustainable development in Europe. In this context, it emphasizes the systemic change required in the European economy. Traditional sectors of the economy will need to be modernized, giving rise to new industries focusing on sustainability. In particular, it aims to achieve a resource-saving circular economy and thus a departure from the throwaway society. This corresponds to strategic proposals which the Bioeconomy Council has emphasized in recent years.
The Commission presented an ambitious action plan proposing 14 policy measures to accelerate the transition to a sustainable and circular bioeconomy in Europe.
“The establishment of €100 million investment platform for industrial projects that can successfully build on ongoing public-private partnerships is a first step towards de-risking private investments and activating the capital market for the bioeconomy,” said Christine Lang, Co-Chair of the Bioeconomy Council, commenting on one of the measures listed.
The two co-chairs of the council also welcomed the Commission’s clear commitment to research and innovation. There are plans to significantly increase the budget for the new research program Horizon Europe (2021-2027) from €3.85 billion to €10 billion in the “food and natural resources” cluster. “This new strategy now promises to generate the urgently needed innovations for sustainable food and farming systems, climate-friendly forestry and sustainable consumption. Research at the interface of digitalization and bio-innovation plays a key role in the circular economy,” explained Joachim von Braun, Co-Chair of the Bioeconomy Council.
The plan is to create an EU-wide advisory body and a bioeconomy forum to support the implementation of the bioeconomy policy in the Member States and their regions. So far, seven EU countries have developed bioeconomy policy strategies, including Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Latvia and Spain. A further seven countries (Estonia, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary) are currently in the process of developing such strategy documents. This is where Christine Lang sees an important role for the EU Commission, “In recent years, the bioeconomy has developed dynamically; a large number of projects, clusters and initiatives have emerged in the regions of the Member States. In future we need to leverage the strengths of the various initiatives and learn from each other.”
The European Commission stressed that aim is for the planned measures to be implemented internationally within the context of the Global Bioeconomy Summit. Joachim von Braun said, “This guarantees that the EU strategy will not be implemented in isolation from international developments in the bioeconomy but in partnerships.” The Global Bioeconomy Summit was initiated by the Bioeconomy Council in 2015 and was held for the second time in April 2018.
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