2023年1月13日，欧盟（European Union）发布新版《蓝色生物经济报告》（ 2022 Edition of the EU Blue Bioeconomy Report）(fifth edition)。该报告由欧洲渔业和水产养殖市场观察站（EUMOFA）编制，概述了欧盟和全球微型藻类和大型藻类养殖体系的最新发展。

        蓝色生物经济包括与利用可再生水生生物资源生产产品有关的任何经济活动。
        蓝色生物经济的前景：水下世界的许多未探索和未认知的生物意味着除了鱼类和贝类以外的海洋生物为蓝色经济所提供的潜力才刚刚开始，之所以做此判断，部分归因于新的基因生物测序技术已经取得了成功。抗病毒药物阿昔洛韦是从加勒比海绵中分离出来的，而曲贝替定则是由小型的海洋软体动物研制而成的首个用于抗癌的海洋药物。
        海洋生物多样性的探索正在帮助我们弄清楚生物如何能够经受住极端的温度和压力，并在没有光合作用下的环境中生长，我们可以由此用来开发新的工业酶或药物。同时，人们对土地利用影响的关切，以及对陆生生物燃料种植作物的渴求，迫使人类正在努力探索利用藻类作为生物燃料的来源，以及高附加值的化学品和生物活性化合物。虽然目前欧洲蓝色（海洋）生物科技产业的就业估计数仍然相对较低，且总值仅8亿欧元，但该产业的增长将提供高技能就业，特别是如果可以从海洋生物中开发出突破性的药物，将显著惠及下游行业。

欧盟蓝色生物经济报告 2022

【内容提要】
        按照解决蓝色生物经济前沿话题的传统，2022 年版涉及 (1) 微藻和大型藻类培养系统的最新发展概览，(2) 对马尾藻的关注，(3) 分析海藻作为蓝碳，以及 (4) 一篇关于海藻如何改变区域经济的论文。每个主题都在研究的单独章节中讨论。

        第一章探讨了微型和大型藻类培养系统的最新发展。欧洲的海藻养殖和收获规模仍然很小——尽管全球海藻行业数据库中 36% 的条目在欧洲，但许多是尚未商业运营的初创企业。
        第二章重点介绍马尾藻，这是一种大型棕色海藻，一生都在海洋表面度过，成群结队地漂浮在海面上。整个大西洋地区马尾藻大量繁殖导致寻求减轻其影响的项目激增。尽管具有巨大的潜力，但大多数寻求稳定马尾藻的解决方案在商业上还不成熟。
        第三章以“海藻作为蓝碳”为主题。海藻生态系统在海洋碳循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。科学界一致认为，海藻在全球范围内充当 CO2 的净封存者，可能与潮汐沼泽、红树林和海草生态系统的封存水平相匹配。研究人员认为，欧洲拥有适合海藻和大型藻类养殖的广阔区域，但仅占全球人类主导的海藻生产（养殖+收获）的不到0.25%。将海藻纳入气候政策的可能行动包括保护、恢复和养殖，对气候和环境都有潜在的积极影响。
        第四章分析了海藻如何改变区域经济。欧洲海藻产业规模小，区域不平衡。由于各种因素，如知识孤岛、缺乏数据透明度、不可预测的生产周期、低效的供应链、复杂的监管框架等，对海藻产品的需求不断增长，而生产商无法满足这些需求。所有这些因素都抑制了风险——厌恶投资者和企业。



附英文相关报道

NEWS ANNOUNCEMENT13 January 2023 Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries

EU blue bioeconomy report is out
January 17, 2023
 
The blue bioeconomy includes any economic activity associated with the use of renewable aquatic biological resources to make products. The 2022 edition of the EU blue bioeconomy report(fifth edition—Deng noted) focuses on algae and seaweeds, as the algae sector has been recognised as the most notable sector of the EU blue bioeconomy. The report offers an overview of latest developments of micro- and macroalgae cultivation systems in the EU and the world. It has a special focus on sargassum (a macroalgae), and shows how seaweed can capture carbon and can also transform regional economies. The report was prepared by EUMOFA (European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products). The Commission adopted in November 2022 the communication ‘Towards a strong and sustainable EU algae sector' which addresses some of the findings highlighted in the report.

Key findings of the EU 2022 blue bioeconomy report

Overview of latest developments of micro- and macroalgae cultivation systems

Seaweed farming and harvesting are still very small-scale in Europe – despite 36% of entries in a global seaweed industry database being in Europe, many are start-ups not yet commercially operational.
The regulatory landscape for seaweed licences and permits is uncoordinated, contains many regulatory actors at national and local level, and sometimes poses high costs for small companies seeking to farm at sea.
'Aquaculture 4.0' – the use of Information Technology, automated high-sensitivity monitoring, Internet of Things, in-cloud analysis, real-time automated and robotic responses – will become standard for managing large-scale microalgal and seaweed facilities

Sargassum is not yet ready to be valorised commercially

Sargassum is a genus of large brown seaweed that spends its life on the ocean’s surface and floats in large masses. Pelagic sargassum plays a crucial role in marine ecosystems, serving as hotspots for biodiversity and productivity in otherwise substrate poor, low-nutrient open-ocean waters. The surge in sargassum blooms across the Atlantic region has led to the proliferation of projects that seek to mitigate its effects. But for the time being, there is no real market for sargassum. Most solutions seeking to valorise sargassum are not commercially mature yet.

Seaweed as 'blue carbon'

Seaweed ecosystems play a significant role in the marine carbon cycle. According to scientific literature, they act as a net sequestrator of CO₂ worldwide. The EU hosts significant wild seaweed ecosystems but accounts for less than 0.25% of the global human-led seaweed production. Possible actions to integrate seaweed in climate policies include conservation, restoration and farming, with potential positive effects on both climate and the environment. For the EU to take the best of seaweed’s climate mitigation potential, knowledge gaps have to be addressed. It includes assessing existing wild seaweed ecosystems in Europe, building a better knowledge of nutrient availability and eutrophication in EU coasts and basins and evaluating the carbon footprint of seaweed-based products.

How can seaweed farming transform regional economies?

In addition to being small-scaled, the European seaweed industry is regionally imbalanced.
The growing demand for seaweed products cannot be fulfilled by producers due to a variety of factors (knowledge silos, lack of data transparency, unpredictable production cycles, inefficient supply chains, complex regulatory frameworks). This situation leads to risk-averse investors and businesses being disincentivised. The challenges facing the European seaweed industry are not technology driven but more related to governance and market issues. The reversal of this trend will depend on the stable access to raw material, the development of the value-added products and the transfer of expertise between regions where production is well developed and those wishing to develop the industry.

Background

Blue bioeconomy incorporates any economic activity associated with the use of renewable aquatic biological resources to make products. Examples of these wide-ranging products include novel foods and food additives, animal feeds, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, materials (e.g. clothes and construction materials) and energy.
The Blue bioeconomy report is released every two years and aims to provide an updated overview of the European Union’s blue bioeconomy sector. It is prepared by the European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (EUMOFA) EUMOFA is a market intelligence service of the European Union developed by the European Commission. It works to increase market transparency and efficiency, analyses EU markets dynamics, and supports evidence-based policy-making. 
On 15 November 2022, the Commission adopted the communication Towards a strong and sustainable EU algae sector, a pioneering initiative to unlock the potential of algae in the European Union. The communication proposes 23 actions to create opportunities for the industry to help it grow into a robust, sustainable and regenerative sector capable of meeting the growing EU demand.

More information

EU blue bioeconomy report - 2022 edition 

 生物经济发展研究中心摘编自：欧盟网站；新浪财经市场资讯报道等，2023年02月16日（https://finance.sina.com.cn/esg/2023-02-16/doc-imyfvfyh9037381.shtml; https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-blue-bioeconomy-report-out-2023-01-13_en ） 。图片截自该报告封面，为本站编辑配发。